1、 Introduction to the scene

Guyuan Pasture is located in the Bashang Grasslands in the north of Hebei Province, which is a typical farming pastoral area in North China. The total area of the farm is 26700 hectares, including 12000 hectares of arable land and 9333 hectares of grassland. It is a large-scale farm under the Hebei Provincial Bureau of Agricultural Reclamation. This farm is based on Plantation. Up to now, the area of forage planting has reached 80066 mu, accounting for 95% of the total planting area; With the dairy industry as the leading industry, the number of dairy cows on hand has reached 8088, and the daily processing capacity of fresh milk can reach 320 tons. It is the largest dairy processing factory in the Bashang region of North China.

2、 Setting a benchmark for the development of advanced productivity in rural areas with advanced agricultural infrastructure

1. Necessity

In recent years, farmers have been constantly suffering from the invasion of "drought demons". The drought that lasted for the first time in a century in 2000 resulted in a basic crop failure in dry fields and a 50% reduction in forage production. By the end of August 2001, there had been no effective precipitation, and the grasslands had withered and shrunk, resulting in extremely low grass intake for dairy cows, serious setbacks in animal husbandry production, and unsustainable agricultural production.

Since the 1970s, with the increase of population and the intensification of land reclamation, the slope and beam land with good soil quality and gentle land have been reclaimed as farmland. Only the wet and low-lying areas still retain grassland vegetation. In addition, in recent years, due to Overgrazing, insufficient grassland construction and other reasons, the vegetation coverage is less than 50% of the original, grassland degradation and desertification are increasing, and the quality and survival of livestock are greatly affected, The dairy industry is facing a fatal threat and blow. At the end of 2001, a complete grazing ban was implemented. According to the "Tenth Five Year Plan", cows increased at a rate of 44% annually. This will increase the yield and quality of forage per unit area, solve the problem of cow forage and feed, and ensure the sustainable development of the dairy industry, which will become an overwhelming task in future work.

At the same time, our field is located in the windward area of the "Beijing Tianjin" region, which is the main pass for sandstorms entering Beijing and the source of water for the two major cities of "Beijing Tianjin". Taking on the heavy responsibility of improving the ecological environment around Beijing and controlling the hazards of sandstorms, comprehensive measures such as grass planting and sand control, water-saving irrigation, and fence livestock breeding are in line with the national policies of "one return, two returns" and "sand prevention and control", and are necessary for environmental governance.

2. Improve agricultural production conditions

Our leadership team should promptly recognize the severe situation and plan and operate as soon as possible. Starting from 1999, combined with the construction of ecological agriculture development projects, we have increased investment and reasonably developed and utilized water resources. In 2002, an investment of nearly 2 million yuan was made to purchase 25 sets of reel type sprinkler irrigation machines, all of which were purchased from Huatai Bao'er Company, with a controlled watering area of 7500 acres. These equipment have excellent characteristics such as efficient water-saving (irrigation uniformity of 80-90%, effective water utilization rate of up to 85%, and water-saving of 60-70%), increased yield, saved arable land, saved labor, improved efficiency, and strong adaptability, which are conducive to soil and water conservation. They have become a benchmark for the development of facility agriculture and the promotion of water-saving irrigation in the Bashang region.

3. Significant benefits

Our site is located in the Bashang Grasslands, where there is drought for nine years. The yield of dry farmland will be reduced in case of disaster, and will lose money in case of disaster. Even if there is no drought for one year, the yield is still not optimistic. Take the cultivation of forage in dry farmland as an example. In a normal year, the yield of grass seeds per mu is 20 kilograms, and green hay is 60 kilograms. Calculated at 12 yuan/kg of grass seeds and 0.3 yuan/kg of green hay, the output value per mu is 258 yuan. After deducting cost fees of 150 yuan/mu, the profit per mu is 108 yuan. In 2002, our farm undertook the task of ecological development of 3000 acres of sprinkler grassland on the dam, supporting 10 sets of Huatai Baoer reel sprinkler irrigation machines to achieve water-saving irrigation. This project is expected to produce 40 kilograms of grass seeds and 100 kilograms of green hay per mu after reaching its production capacity, with an output value of 510 yuan per mu. The cost per mu in the current year was 350 yuan, and the cost per mu in the following years was 150 yuan. There was no profit in the current year. Calculated based on the depreciation period of the reel type sprinkler irrigation machine for 10 years, the average profit per mu was 218 yuan for two growth cycles of grass (one growth cycle was five years), and the profit from the 3000 mu sprinkler irrigation grassland for 10 years was 6.54 million yuan.

Taking planting silage corn as an example, planting silage corn in dry farmland yields 2500 kilograms of green body per mu, with an output value of 250 yuan per mu. After deducting the cost of 150 yuan per mu, the profit is 100 yuan. By using a reel type sprinkler for water-saving irrigation, it can increase production by 2-3 times. It can produce 6500 kilograms of green body, with a profit of 650 yuan per mu and a profit of 300 yuan per mu. The economic benefits are very significant.

The construction of irrigated land can reduce twice the amount of arable land for forest and grass cultivation, providing a guarantee of arable land area for the implementation of the "one return, two return" project and laying an advanced infrastructure foundation for the governance of the ecological environment. Through the joint efforts of all cadres and the masses, the charming scenery of "vast sky, vast wilderness, and low grass in the wind, where cattle and sheep can be seen" has been restored in our site in the early stages of construction, effectively promoting a virtuous cycle of the local and surrounding environment. It will play a very important role in improving and protecting the ecological environment of the Beijing Tianjin region.

3、 Planning

Our farm plans to develop 80000 mu of high-yield and stable yield fields by 2005, including 40000 mu by 2003. All of them are equipped with coiled sprinkling irrigation equipment, mainly planting silage corn, forage sorghum, Alfalfa, traditional Chinese medicine, etc.

Guyuan Pasture in Hebei Province

September 2002